See sail in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "sail"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "sail"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "saileach"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "shellagh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "seileach"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*sailech"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*salixs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *salixs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helyg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh helyg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "halegen"
},
"expansion": "Breton halegen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*sh₂el-ik-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sh₂el-ik-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "salix"
},
"expansion": "Latin salix",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sealh"
},
"expansion": "Old English sealh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sallow"
},
"expansion": "English sallow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἑλίκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἑλίκη (helíkē)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *salixs (whence also Welsh helyg, Breton halegen), seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂el-ik-s or *sl̥h₂-ik-s. Cognate with Latin salix, Old English sealh (English sallow), and Ancient Greek ἑλίκη (helíkē), which all mean \"willow\", but the forms are hard to unify. The history of the word therefore must involve borrowing, possibly involving pre-Indo-European languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sailech",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sailecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sailech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sailech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sailech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sailechaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sailechaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "sailech",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "sail f (genitive sailech)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "sailech"
},
"expansion": "sail f (genitive sailech)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "sailig",
"3": "sailech",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "sailig+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "sailecha",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "sailig+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-f",
"dat_du": "sailechaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "sailechaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "sailig+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "sailech",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "sailech+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "sailech",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "sailig+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "sailig",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "sail",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "sailig+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "sailecha",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "sail",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Willows and poplars",
"orig": "sga:Willows and poplars",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"willow (any of various trees or shrubs in the genus Salix)"
],
"id": "en-sail-sga-noun-RliLt3Kt",
"links": [
[
"willow",
"willow"
],
[
"Salix",
"Salix#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsalʲ/"
}
],
"word": "sail"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "ṡail",
"links": [
[
"ṡail",
"sail#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "sail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of sal:",
"dative/accusative singular"
],
"id": "en-sail-sga-noun-J7FuFsdE",
"links": [
[
"sal",
"sal#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of sal:",
"nominative/vocative/accusative dual"
],
"id": "en-sail-sga-noun-RfvCicn2",
"links": [
[
"sal",
"sal#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsalʲ/"
}
],
"word": "sail"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine nouns",
"Old Irish k-stem nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish noun forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Willows and poplars"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "sail"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "sail"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "saileach"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "shellagh"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "seileach"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*sailech"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*salixs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *salixs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "helyg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh helyg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "halegen"
},
"expansion": "Breton halegen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*sh₂el-ik-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sh₂el-ik-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "salix"
},
"expansion": "Latin salix",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sealh"
},
"expansion": "Old English sealh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sallow"
},
"expansion": "English sallow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἑλίκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἑλίκη (helíkē)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *salixs (whence also Welsh helyg, Breton halegen), seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂el-ik-s or *sl̥h₂-ik-s. Cognate with Latin salix, Old English sealh (English sallow), and Ancient Greek ἑλίκη (helíkē), which all mean \"willow\", but the forms are hard to unify. The history of the word therefore must involve borrowing, possibly involving pre-Indo-European languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sailech",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine k-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sail",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sailecha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sailech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sailech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sailech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sailig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sailechaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sailechaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "sailech",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "sail f (genitive sailech)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "sailech"
},
"expansion": "sail f (genitive sailech)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "sailig",
"3": "sailech",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "sailig+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "sailecha",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "sailig+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-f",
"dat_du": "sailechaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "sailechaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "sailig+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "sailech",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "sailech+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "sailech",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "sailig+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "sailig",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "sail",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "sailig+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "sailecha",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "sail",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"willow (any of various trees or shrubs in the genus Salix)"
],
"links": [
[
"willow",
"willow"
],
[
"Salix",
"Salix#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsalʲ/"
}
],
"word": "sail"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish noun forms",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Willows and poplars"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "ṡail",
"links": [
[
"ṡail",
"sail#Old_Irish"
]
],
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "sail",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of sal:",
"dative/accusative singular"
],
"links": [
[
"sal",
"sal#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "sal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of sal:",
"nominative/vocative/accusative dual"
],
"links": [
[
"sal",
"sal#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsalʲ/"
}
],
"word": "sail"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sail meaning in Old Irish (6.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"sail"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "sail",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.